Sri Lanka, a South Asian nation, is deeply rooted in cultural, religious, and ethnic traditions. A significant aspect of these traditions involves rigid gender roles, often leading to societal expectations that can have harmful consequences.
From birth, individuals are assigned a gender based on biological sex. As they grow, societal norms dictate adherence to specific gender roles. Men are generally expected to be breadwinners, strong, and emotionally restrained, serving as primary caregivers and decision-makers within families. Conversely, women are often confined to domestic roles, expected to be emotionally expressive and submissive.
These societal norms carry serious repercussions. Men, burdened by the expectation to remain strong and stoic, often struggle to express their emotions, leading to higher rates of mental health issues and suicide. This is evident in numerous cases of men taking their own lives due to personal or professional failures.
Women face significant challenges, particularly domestic violence, which remains prevalent in Sri Lankan society. According to the Women’s Wellbeing Survey, one in five women has experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime. Cultural expectations of female submission frequently result in physical and emotional abuse.
Gender-based violence (GBV) often goes underreported in Sri Lanka, particularly in cases of domestic and dating violence. When incidents are reported, the focus tends to shift towards victim-blaming rather than supporting survivors. Intimate partner violence often includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse.
In recent years, incidents of dating violence have surged, including cases where individuals have lost their lives due to disputes during courtship. Additionally, workplace-related gender-based violence is a persistent issue, with women frequently facing discrimination, harassment, and even assault from male colleagues or superiors.
Healthcare professionals play a vital role in addressing GBV. Victims may present with a wide range of symptoms, including unexplained bodily pain, somatic complaints, bowel irregularities, frequent clinic visits, and visible signs of trauma such as bruises or injuries. Psychological symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and other mental health concerns, are also common.
To combat GBV effectively, healthcare providers must be sensitive and proactive. By asking open-ended questions, creating a safe and non-judgmental environment, and referring patients to appropriate support services, they can help break the cycle of violence and promote gender equality.
It is crucial to empathize with victims and provide them with comprehensive support. At the same time, holding perpetrators accountable and stigmatizing abusive behavior is essential. Encouraging reporting and fostering societal accountability are critical steps toward preventing future incidents of gender-based violence.